Unified Physics-Home

AIM OF THE WEBSITE

Self Field Theory (SFT) is an analytic solution to Maxwell's equations recently discovered by Dr Tony Fleming who has 30 years professional research in electromagnetics, antennas, communications, bioelectromagnetics, bioeffects, bioelectromagnetic medicine and numerical methods. Dr Fleming is a member of the Bioelectromagnetics Society (BEMS) with a Ph.D. (Monash) in computational bioelectromagnetics. This site aims to educate the reader in the wide spectrum of applications to SFT; it is a 'work in progress' that has recently been successfully peer-reviewed (see upcoming Physics Essays publication Sep 2005). It is hoped students and researchers will benefit from this new line of mathematical physics as well as the many comparisons and links to a rapidly changing mainstream opinion. Now there are two lines of theoretical analysis for scientists to use. Comparing quantum field theory (QFT) to SFT the reader should think in terms of a 'stereoscopic' vision. Both SFT and QFT are valid, producing similar but essentially different perspectives of the one physics. An analogy to SFT and QFT lies in the numerical techniques known as the finite element method (FEM) and finite difference method (FDM). FEM like QFT uses Lagrangians involving integrations, FDM like SFT uses partial differential equations directly to solve systems of equations that are numerically and analytically much simpler. SFT is a basis for a unification across physics.

A UNIFIED PHYSICS

In 1905 Albert Einstein succeeded in unifying parts of classical mechanics and Maxwellian electrodynamics. He spent the rest of his life trying without ultimate success to unify the rest of physics-a unified field theory. Self-field theory (SFT) appears to complete this unification and then some, especially within the biological sciences where photonic processes are intimately involved in how DNA bases discriminate amongst intra/extracellular signals. Importantly SFT gives a theory on which to base nuclear physics; quarks can be modelled inside protons themselves inside atoms. SFT is still relatively little kown within various scientific fields, yet its physics is crucial to our health and technological evolution. As any plausible theory should, SFT provides numerous predictions across physics, from atoms to DNA, nuclear physics to cosmology. The web provides a means of speeding up SFT's imortant message. This is nowhere more important than the search for cures to a range of diseases via photonic and phononic therapies. Perhaps equal in importance is the search for a method of energy production that avoids fossil fuels, and results in no dangerous side products. Fusion is one such method where SFT can provide a theory to guide costly experiment.

SELF FIELD THEORY

This site is a central repository of SFT in all its various forms across physics. For comparison it provides comparative links to current mainstream scientific thinking - cosmologia. Electromagnetic self-field theory (EMSFT) is a recently discovered solution to the hydrogen atom. SFT provides a range of analytic self-field solutions to Maxwell's equations and modified systems of Maxwell's equations offering a unified vision of the four forces known to physics, electromagnetics (EM), strong nuclear (SN), weak nuclear (WN) and gravitation (G), plus a range of other forces, including biophysical forces. This is analogous to the mathematical methods employed within the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics, but because of SFT's mathematical simplicity compared with the SM its reach is more transparent.

EMSFT is a true 'field' theory being based on Maxwell's 1st order differential equations and not on potential theory. EMSFT uses the E- and H- fields compared to quantum field theory (QFT) based on the wave equations with their vector and scalar potentials, derived from Maxwell's equations by a vector manipulation called gauge theory, a subtle and complex form of mathematics. Distinctions between EMSFT and QFT thus derive from the degree and number of equations being solved. This concerns the mathematical complexity needed, with major differences of analytic and numerical methods used in a particular application. We may think of the simplicity of the numerical solution to partial differential equations compared with that of integral equations. Since the fields in EMSFT use 'centre-of-motion' coordinates they convert the underlying problem into linear form via a spinorial tensor decomposition, similar to QCD and QED. As photons stream between particles they move in spirals, as well as spinning; the half-integer spirals can be asociated with quantum 'spin'. SFT's field is different to the classical field imbedded within QFT. Subatomic particles move with a coherence to one another. Electrons balance all other electrons within a framework of motions. Nucleons and electrons move in concert. EM fields stream between particles in an EM system of equations while gluon fields balance the quarks etc, within coupled but separable strong and weak nuclear systems of equations. There are symmetric motions, e.g. Pauli exclusion, parts of an overall balance. In contrast to QFT, SFT uses self-field solutions responsible for atomic structures and other self-systems that QFT does not yet employ. Both EMSFT and QFT apply widely to areas such as particle physics, cosmology, and optics, to name a few.

'Square root' (decomposition) of tensor. Tensor 'collapses' into row and column vectors involving two orthogonal spinors*. This is like quantum mechanics except solutions are (analytically) exact and not 'uncertain'. Cubic, quartic, quintic tensors (of order 3,4,5), etc can be similarly constructed and decomposed via the straightforward spinorial mathematics. For example, the complete solution of each subatomic particle is obtained as spinor sets of appropriate degree. The strong nuclear forces require 3 orthogonal spinors. An atom thus requires two tensors involving both EM and SN terms coupled inside the one tensorial equation. The atom is a cubic system overall.

*Spinors are defined as mathematical entities involved in tensor synthesis in various ways:
(1)spinor1 in terms of a quantum of half-integer intrinsic spin
(2) spinor2 in terms of a unit quantum of half-integer intrinsic spin
(3) Herein a spinor is defined without scaling and can have any amount of spin

Spinors defined as in (1) and (2) are quantum mechanical, while the spinor in (3) is appropriate for particle and field equations of motion. Notice that (3) is a continuous variable in r and f.

CLASSICAL FIELD THEORY

In conventional field theory as outlined by Weiner Heisenberg in his treatise "Introduction to the unified field theory of elementary particles" (Interscience Publishers 1966) the equations used are two 2nd order partial differential equation where EMSFT uses the four 1st order Maxwell equations. Thus the mathematics of EMSFT is based on a different formulation than conventional TOE's (theories of everything). In contemporary physics, with respect, the main idea seems to be to reduce the number of equations required, i.e. to squash the information into a few equations.

This may be due in part to Einstein's invention and usage of algebraic indices whereby modern physics formulations strive to emulate the most famous theoretical physicist of our age. However, in our zeal we may have been led a merry dance by the increased mathematical sophistry needed to solve the resultant 2nd order d.e.'s compared with the reduced complexity needed to solve 1st order d.e.'s (potentials Vs fields). Gauge theory with its symmetries (e.g. the photon) is not a prerequisite to SFT, nor is a Lagrangian. Maxwell's equations are sufficient once we have specified the type of solution we expect; this is because we are dealing with a special solution, the self-fields.

In the history of physics and mathematics, Einstein's attempts to find a unified field theory marked a milestone; he was the first to seek a way to arrange the four known forces under the same umbrella. In the early part of the 20th century,Einstein developed both his special and general theories of relativity. His use of potential theory inside GR unfortunately led Einstein away from a field theory that was much more analytically tractable buried inside Maxwell's equations all along. There was no need to use the wave equations. To quote Einstein's view of quantum theory in 1936:

"I still do not believe that the statistical method of the Quantum Theory is the last word, but for the time being I am alone in my opinion."

It is time for the world to share his view.

QUANTUM FIELD THEORY

Quantum field theory (QFT) has pride of place amongst the mathematical techniques used across physics, and rightly so. Due to the efforts of many brilliant scientists across the last century, we now understand our world and our universe to a much larger degree than would otherwise be the case. When compared to SFT, we should think in terms of 'stereoscopic' vision, and not in terms of any imagined theoretical conflict. Both are valid producing similar but essentially different views of the one physics. A good analogy lies in the numerical techniques known as the finite element method (FEM) and the finite difference method (FDM). FEM uses a Lagrangian involving integrations while FDM uses partial difference equations directly, and is numerically (and analytically) much simpler.

Due to current opposition within mainstream physics to any serious challenger to either quantum mathematics, quantum field theory, or string theory, this site assists to develop a newer, more intuitive, and more natural view of mathematics and physics. There is a pressing need for this site, whose origin can be traced to the Copenhagen Interpretation.

"We regard quantum mechanics as a complete theory for which the fundamental physical and mathematical hypotheses are no longer susceptible of modification."

--Heisenberg and Max Born, paper delivered to Solvay Congress of 1927

Briefly, SFT does indeed challenge the fundamental nature of quantum mechanics; the electron's motions in the hydrogen atom are completely determined by SFT. Quite simply the application of eigenvalue theory to the EMSFT equations is the foundation of quantum theory. Further, point-mass particles can be applied inside SFT, and since there is never a moving particle at a coordinate centre, there are no numerical problems requiring mass renormalization. To date SFT does agree with the physical results given by experimentally validated quantum theory.

STANDARD MODEL OF PARTICLE-PHYSICS

The standard model is an attempt to organize matter into its fundamental elements. It is based on collision and scattering experiments and quantum field theory that has grown to include quantum electrodynamics (QED) and quantum chromodynamics (QCD). These experiments began at the turn of the 20th century when Madame Curie experimented with radioactive materials including radium. No-one had any understanding of the effect she termed 'radioactivity'. Handfuls of this type of ore could emit trillions of a-particles for months without any detectable loss of mass. Rutherford proposed the atom to be mainly empty with a small ultradense centre, the nucleus. Nuclear physics became a politically dominant area of physics with the experimental efforts of Lise Meitner whose work catapulted Nazi efforts towards the development of an atomic weapon of war. Meitner like Einstein left Germany and the Jewish persecution in the build-up to WWII. There are many parallels between Meitner and Einstein who once described her as "our (Germany's) Madame Curie". Fortunately the Allies were first to develop an atomic bomb at Los Alamos where research into nuclear effects continues.

"The Standard Model is the result of an immense experimental and inspired theoretical effort spanning more than fifty years......With the planned construction of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN now agreed, the Standard Model will continue to be a vital and active subject......The beauty and basic simplicity of the theory can be appreciated at a certain 'classical' level, treating the boson fields as true classical fields and the fermion fields as completely non-commutating. To make contact with experiment the theory must be quantised. Many of the calculations of the theory are made in quantum perturbation theory. Those we present are for the most part to the lowest order of perturbation theory only, and do not have to be renormalized"

-Cottingham & Greenwood "An introduction to the standard model of particle physics" (Cambridge Press 2003)

Self-field theory allows a second view of the theory behind the experiments. Particles like quarks and fields such as gluons can be treated according to strong nuclear (SNSFT) and weak nuclear self-field theory (WNSFT), an atom consisting of atomic and nuclear interactions inside a composite self-field model.

STRING THEORY

Recently, string theory has become the favoured theory to eventually provide a unified physics.

"In string theory, the physical idea is utterly simple. Instead of many types of elementary point-like particles, we postulate that in nature there is a single variety of string-like object. The string is not ``made up of anything'', rather, it is basic and other things are made up of it. As with musical strings, this basic string can vibrate, and each vibrational mode can be viewed as a point-like elementary particle, just as the modes of a musical string are perceived as distinct notes! Thus string theory certainly is a model of elementary particles. The great surprise is that mathematical equations describing strings are highly constrained by consistency. In some sense, most of the equations we would think of writing down turn out to be inconsistent, only a few appear to be allowed. Indeed, it looks most likely that (unlike particle theories) there is only one unique string theory! If so, what does it predict, and is it the promised unified theory?" - Sunil Mukhi

Photon self-field theory (PSFT) provides a physical basis for strings; at the sub-photonic level tiny 'fields' exist and at extremes of energy density induce string-like chains of photonic sub-particles. There is no reason why the sub-photonic particles cannot align themselves into circular or spherical structures (larger 'particles') and act according to string theory.

QUATERNIONS

"Hamilton's quaternions are a 4-dimensional topological algebraic field related to the real and complex numbers equipped with a static Euclidean 4-basis." -Doug Sweetser

SFT is similar to the theory of quaternions in the way real and imaginary fields are used but different since the physical 2-D spinors of SFT are separated into one, two, three, or more decoupled mathematical variables.